理解Economic Rent与Opportunity cost的关系

　　Economic Rent(经济租金)：

 

　　Payments to a factor of production or resource above its value in its opportunity cost.

 

　　经济租金指支付给生产某一要素或资源的收益大于机会成本的部分，对于完全弹性的供给来说，是没有经济租的。

 

　　Exhibit1：在供给完全无弹的情况下，初始时的价格P1使供应者可获得正常的收益，当需求从1增加到2的时候，价格也由P1上升到P2，更高的价格创造出了经济租，这部分经济租为（P2-P1）×Q1，供应者受益于不变的供给量和上升的交易价格。

　　两者联系：

 

　　利用机会成本来计算经济租。

 

　　Opportunity cost（机会成本）：

 

　　a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where,given limited resources,a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives.

 

　　机会成本是指为了得到某种东西而所要放弃其他东西中的较大价值；也可以理解为在面临多种选择择一决策时，被舍弃选项中的较高价值者是本次决策的机会成本；还指厂商把相同的生产要素投入到其他行业当中去可以获得的较高收益。

 

　　例：Rose，CFA,earned$80,000 last year working as a derivatives analyst.She is also a skilled interior designer.Rose could earn$60,000 per year in that occupation,which she has determined is her next-highest paying alternative.The difference between Rose’s income as a derivatives analyst and her potential income as a web page designer is best described as:

 

　　A.opportunity cost.

 

　　B.economic rent.

 

　　C.marginal revenue product.

 

　　答案：B

 

　　解析：Economic rent to a worker is the difference between what she earns and what she could earn in her next highest paying alternative employment.Her potential earnings in her next highest valued employment is her opportunity cost.Marginal revenue product(MRP)is the revenue from selling the output of one additional unit of an input.A high MRP makes it possible for a worker to earn economic rent.经济租即为目前的收益与机会成本之间的差额。

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