关于Discretionary fiscal policy和Automatic stabilizers的理解

 

　　Discretionary fiscal policy(相机财政政策):

　　The spending and taxing decisions of a national government that are intended to stabilize the economy.

 

　　相机抉择的财政政策是指政府通过支出和税收等财政手段使经济保持稳定。

 

　　Automatic stabilizers(自动稳定器):

 

　　As an economy slows and unemployment rises,government spending on social insurance and unemployment benefits will also rise and add to aggregate demand.

 

　　当经济减缓失业率上升的时候，政府社会保险以及失业津贴上的支出自动增加，因此增加了社会总需求，同理，在经济过热就业充分的情况下，高收入高盈利者的税负会自动增加，因此增加预算盈余或者减少预算赤字。自动稳定器的的优势就是会自动的调整经济，不需要政府来识别这种震荡并做出回应，通过减少经济的波动而降低了产量的波动。

 

　　例：The term"automatic stabilizers"refers to the fact that:

 

　　A.with given tax rates and expenditure policies,a rise in national income tends to produce a surplus,while a decline tends to result in a deficit.

 

　　B.legislators automatically change the tax structure or tax rates and expenditure programs to correct upswings and downswings in business activity.

 

　　C.government expenditures and tax receipts automatically balance over the course of the business cycle,although they may be out of balance in any single year.

 

　　答案：A

 

　　【解析:】

 

　　Automatic stabilizers are built-in fiscal devices that ensure deficits in a recession and surpluses during booms.Automatic stabilizers minimize the problem of proper timing

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